@umakerns
the only typefaces massimo vignelli said you need
10 items
GaramondBodoniCentury ExpandedFuturaTimesHelvetica+4
03400
01
Kerning
space between two specific letters, adjusted by eye. bad kerning is the loose "AV" or "To" that looks off no matter the font
02
tracking
space applied evenly across a whole run of text, not letter pairs. headlines usually want it tightened, all caps usually wants it opened up
03
Leading
line spacing, named for the strips of lead typesetters used to add it by hand. start around 120-145% of the type size and adjust by eye
04
x-height
05
ligature
two letters fused into one glyph so they stop colliding. fi and fl are the classic pair, still true in most serif text faces
06
Widow
a single word left alone on the last line of a paragraph. avoidable, still happens to me weekly
07
orphan
a widow's cousin, but stranded at the top of a column or page instead of the bottom
08
Hanging indent
09
optical alignment
aligning by how it looks, not by the numbers. round letters like O sit slightly past the margin so they read as even
10
Ascender / descender
the part of a letter that reaches above the x-height (b, d, l) or below the baseline (g, p, y). tall ascenders read airier
11
small caps
12
Baseline
invisible line every letter sits on. drop caps and superscripts get measured against this, not the cap height
13
tabular figures
numbers sharing one width so they stack in a column. regular figures don't, a table set with those reads drunk. pin this above the desk
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